1 | \relax |
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2 | \emailauthor{ariel@man.poznan.pl}{A.~Oleksiak\corref {cor1}} |
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3 | \Newlabel{cor1}{1} |
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4 | \citation{koomey} |
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5 | \citation{pue} |
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6 | \Newlabel{psnc}{a} |
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7 | \Newlabel{put}{b} |
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8 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{1}} |
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9 | \citation{games} |
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10 | \citation{fit4green} |
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11 | \citation{networks} |
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12 | \citation{fit4green_carbon_scheduler} |
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13 | \citation{sgi} |
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14 | \citation{colt} |
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15 | \citation{ecocooling} |
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16 | \citation{SimGrid} |
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17 | \citation{ff} |
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18 | \citation{DCD_Romonet} |
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19 | \citation{CloudSim} |
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20 | \citation{e2dc12} |
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21 | \citation{coolemall} |
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22 | \citation{GreenCloud} |
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23 | \citation{CloudSim} |
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24 | \citation{DCSG} |
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25 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Related Work}{3}} |
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26 | \newlabel{sota}{{2}{3}} |
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27 | \citation{GSSIM} |
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28 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}DCworms}{5}} |
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29 | \citation{GSSIM} |
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30 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces DCworms architecture}}{6}} |
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31 | \newlabel{fig:arch}{{1}{6}} |
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32 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Architecture}{6}} |
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33 | \citation{GWF} |
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34 | \citation{SLURM} |
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35 | \citation{TORQUE} |
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36 | \citation{Ghislain} |
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37 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Workload modeling}{7}} |
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38 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Levels of information about jobs}}{8}} |
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39 | \newlabel{fig:jobsStructure}{{2}{8}} |
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40 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Resource modeling}{8}} |
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41 | \citation{e2dc13} |
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42 | \citation{d2.2} |
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43 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Energy management concept in DCworms}{9}} |
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44 | \citation{GSSIM_Energy} |
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45 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Power management}{10}} |
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46 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{\textbf {Power profile}}{10}} |
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47 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{\textbf {Power consumption model}}{10}} |
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48 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{\textbf {Power management interface}}{10}} |
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49 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Power consumption modeling}}{11}} |
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50 | \newlabel{fig:powerModel}{{3}{11}} |
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51 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5}Application performance modeling}{11}} |
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52 | \newlabel{sec:apps}{{3.5}{11}} |
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53 | \citation{GSSIM} |
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54 | \citation{e2dc13} |
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55 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Modeling of energy consumption in DCworms}{12}} |
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56 | \newlabel{eq:E}{{1}{12}} |
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57 | \citation{d2.2} |
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58 | \citation{e2dc13} |
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59 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Power consumption models}{13}} |
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60 | \newlabel{sec:power}{{4.1}{13}} |
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61 | \newlabel{eq:ohm-law}{{2}{13}} |
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62 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces Average power usage with regard to CPU frequency - Linpack ($\bullet $), Abinit and Namd ($\times $). }}{14}} |
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63 | \newlabel{fig:power_freq}{{4}{14}} |
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64 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces Power in time for the highest frequency}}{14}} |
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65 | \newlabel{fig:fans_P}{{5}{14}} |
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66 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Static approach}{15}} |
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67 | \newlabel{eq:static}{{3}{15}} |
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68 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Resource load}{15}} |
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69 | \citation{fit4green_scheduler} |
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70 | \newlabel{eq:dynamic}{{4}{16}} |
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71 | \newlabel{eq:modelLoad}{{7}{16}} |
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72 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {4.1.3}Application specific}{16}} |
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73 | \citation{e2dc12} |
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74 | \newlabel{eq:app}{{8}{17}} |
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75 | \newlabel{eq:model}{{9}{17}} |
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76 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Experiments and evaluation}{17}} |
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77 | \newlabel{sec:experiments}{{5}{17}} |
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78 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Testbed description}{17}} |
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79 | \citation{abinit} |
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80 | \citation{cray} |
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81 | \citation{linpack} |
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82 | \citation{tar} |
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83 | \citation{fft} |
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84 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces RECS system configuration}}{18}} |
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85 | \newlabel{testBed}{{1}{18}} |
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86 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}Evaluated applications}{18}} |
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87 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.3}Methodology}{19}} |
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88 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4}Models}{19}} |
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89 | \newlabel{sec:models}{{5.4}{19}} |
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90 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Workload characteristics}}{20}} |
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91 | \newlabel{workloadCharacteristics}{{2}{20}} |
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92 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces $P_{cpubase}$ values in Watts}}{21}} |
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93 | \newlabel{nodeBasePowerUsage}{{3}{21}} |
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94 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces $P_{app}$ values in Watts}}{21}} |
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95 | \newlabel{appPowerUsage}{{4}{21}} |
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96 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces Power models error in \%}}{21}} |
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97 | \newlabel{expPowerModels}{{5}{21}} |
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98 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.5}Resource management policies evaluation}{22}} |
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99 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.5.1}Random approach}{22}} |
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100 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces Comparison of energy usage for Random (left) and Random + switching off unused nodes strategy (right)}}{22}} |
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101 | \newlabel{fig:70r_rnpm}{{6}{22}} |
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102 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.5.2}Energy optimization}{23}} |
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103 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces Measured power of testbed nodes in idle state}}{23}} |
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104 | \newlabel{idlePower}{{6}{23}} |
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105 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces Energy usage optimization strategy}}{24}} |
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106 | \newlabel{fig:70eo}{{7}{24}} |
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107 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.5.3}Downgrading frequency}{24}} |
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108 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces Energy usage optimization + switching off unused nodes strategy}}{25}} |
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109 | \newlabel{fig:70eonpm}{{8}{25}} |
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110 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9}{\ignorespaces Frequency downgrading strategy}}{26}} |
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111 | \newlabel{fig:70dfs}{{9}{26}} |
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112 | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces Schedules obtained for Random strategy (left) and Random + lowest frequency strategy (right) for 10\% of system load}}{26}} |
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113 | \newlabel{fig:dfsComp}{{10}{26}} |
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114 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {5.5.4}Summary}{27}} |
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115 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces Energy usage [kWh] for different level of system load. R - Random, R+NPM - Random + node power management, EO - Energy optimization, EO+NPM - Energy optimization + node power management, R+LF - Random + lowest frequency}}{27}} |
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116 | \newlabel{loadEnergy}{{7}{27}} |
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117 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces Makespan [s] for different level of system load. R - Random, R+NPM - Random + node power management, EO - Energy optimization, EO+NPM - Energy optimization + node power management, R+LF - Random + lowest frequency}}{27}} |
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118 | \newlabel{loadMakespan}{{8}{27}} |
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119 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.6}Verification of models}{28}} |
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120 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Static}{28}} |
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121 | \newlabel{eq:modelStatic}{{10}{28}} |
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122 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Dynamic}{28}} |
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123 | \newlabel{eq:modelLoadApp}{{11}{29}} |
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124 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Application}{29}} |
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125 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {9}{\ignorespaces Comparison of energy usage estimations [kWh] obtained for investigated power consumption models. R - Random, R+NPM - Random + node power management, EO - Energy optimization, EO+NPM - Energy optimization + node power management, R+LF - Random + lowest frequency}}{29}} |
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126 | \newlabel{modelsResults}{{9}{29}} |
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127 | \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces Comparison of accuracy [\%] obtained for investigated power consumption models. R - Random, R+NPM - Random + node power management, EO - Energy optimization, EO+NPM - Energy optimization + node power management, R+LF - Random + lowest frequency}}{30}} |
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128 | \newlabel{modelsAccuracy}{{10}{30}} |
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129 | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Conclusions and future work}{30}} |
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130 | \bibcite{fit4green}{{1}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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131 | \bibcite{e2dc13}{{2}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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132 | \bibcite{e2dc12}{{3}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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133 | \bibcite{CloudSim}{{4}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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134 | \newlabel{}{{6}{31}} |
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135 | \bibcite{DCSG}{{5}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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136 | \bibcite{SimGrid}{{6}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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137 | \bibcite{DCD_Romonet}{{7}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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138 | \bibcite{networks}{{8}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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139 | \bibcite{Ghislain}{{9}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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140 | \bibcite{games}{{10}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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141 | \bibcite{GreenCloud}{{11}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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142 | \bibcite{GSSIM}{{12}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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143 | \bibcite{GSSIM_Energy}{{13}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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144 | \bibcite{koomey}{{14}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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145 | \bibcite{fit4green_scheduler}{{15}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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146 | \bibcite{fit4green_carbon_scheduler}{{16}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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147 | \bibcite{d2.2}{{17}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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148 | \bibcite{abinit}{{18}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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149 | \bibcite{cray}{{19}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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150 | \bibcite{fft}{{20}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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151 | \bibcite{linpack}{{21}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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152 | \bibcite{tar}{{22}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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153 | \bibcite{GWF}{{23}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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154 | \bibcite{SLURM}{{24}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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155 | \bibcite{SWF}{{25}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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156 | \bibcite{TORQUE}{{26}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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157 | \bibcite{colt}{{27}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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158 | \bibcite{coolemall}{{28}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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159 | \bibcite{ecocooling}{{29}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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160 | \bibcite{ff}{{30}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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161 | \bibcite{pue}{{31}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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162 | \bibcite{sgi}{{32}{}{{}}{{}}} |
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163 | \global\NAT@numberstrue |
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