1 | ================================= |
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2 | DRMAA for Torque/PBS Professional |
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3 | ================================= |
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4 | |
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5 | :Authors: Åukasz CieÅnik <lukasz.ciesnik@fedstage.com>, |
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6 | MichaÅ MatÅoka <michal.matloka@student.put.poznan.pl>, |
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7 | Mariusz Mamonski <mamonski@man.poznan.pl> |
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8 | :Contact: Mariusz Mamonski <mamonski@man.poznan.pl> |
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9 | :Date: $Date: 2010-07-07 17:05:39 +0200 (Wed, 07 Jul 2010) $ |
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10 | :Version: 1.0.3 |
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11 | :Revision: $Revision: 386 $ |
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12 | :Copyright: Copyright (C) 2006-2008 FedStage Systems |
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13 | |
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14 | :Abstract: This document describes installation, configuration and usage |
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15 | of `DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro`_ library (PBS DRMAA for short). |
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16 | |
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17 | .. meta:: |
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18 | :http-equiv=Content-Language: en |
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19 | :http-equiv=Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8 |
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20 | :description lang=en: DRMAA implementation for PBS systems. |
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21 | :keywords: DRMAA, PBS, Torque, PBS Professional, PBS Pro, Portable Batch System |
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22 | |
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23 | .. contents:: |
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24 | |
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25 | .. default-role:: literal |
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26 | |
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27 | |
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28 | Introduction |
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29 | ============ |
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30 | |
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31 | DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro is implementation of `Open Grid Forum`_ DRMAA_ |
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32 | (Distributed Resource Management Application API) specification_ for |
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33 | submission and control jobs to PBS_ systems: `PBS Professional`_, Torque_ |
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34 | and OpenPBS_. Using DRMAA, grid applications builders, portal developers |
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35 | and ISVs can use the same high-level API to link their software with |
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36 | different cluster/resource management systems. |
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37 | |
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38 | This software also enables the integration of `SMOA Computing`_ |
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39 | with the underlying Torque/PBS Pro system for remote multi-user job submission |
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40 | and control over Web Services. |
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41 | |
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42 | This manual can be found in HTML and PDF formats in ``doc`` directory. |
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43 | |
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44 | |
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45 | Installation |
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46 | ============ |
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47 | |
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48 | To compile the library just go to main source directory and type:: |
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49 | |
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50 | $ ./configure [--prefix=/installation/directory] && make |
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51 | |
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52 | If you had installed PBS in a non standard directory pass it |
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53 | in ``--with-pbs`` configure parameter. There are no unusual requirements |
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54 | for basic usage of library: ANSI C compiler and standard make should |
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55 | suffice (if linking against PBS Professional you will need also the OpenSSL library). |
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56 | If you have taken sources directly from SVN repository you would |
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57 | need additional `developer tools`_. For further information regarding GNU |
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58 | build system see the INSTALL file. |
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59 | |
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60 | For Torque_ it is advised to configure queues so jobs are leaved after |
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61 | the completion. To achieve this simply type the following command for |
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62 | all queues which are intended to use with PBS DRMAA:: |
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63 | |
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64 | # qmgr -c "set queue QUEUE_NAME keep_completed = 60" |
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65 | |
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66 | The value of the ``keep_completed`` parameter denotes a number of |
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67 | seconds jobs will have to wait in the queue after the completion (and |
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68 | should be greater then ``pool_delay`` value in PBS DRMAA configuration_). |
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69 | It enables the DRMAA library to retrieve the information about finished |
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70 | jobs. |
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71 | |
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72 | Alternatively you can configure the DRMAA library to use Torque server daemon logs |
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73 | as information source for terminated jobs (consult next section for details) |
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74 | |
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75 | Configuration |
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76 | ============= |
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77 | |
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78 | During DRMAA session initialization (``drmaa_init``) library tries to read |
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79 | its configuration parameters from locations: |
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80 | ``/etc/pbs_drmaa.conf``, ``~/.pbs_drmaa.conf`` and from file given in |
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81 | ``PBS_DRMAA_CONF`` environment variable (if set to non-empty string). |
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82 | If multiple configuration sources are present then all configurations |
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83 | are merged with values from user-defined files taking precedence |
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84 | (in following order: ``$PBS_DRMAA_CONF``, ``~/.pbs_drmaa.conf``, |
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85 | ``/etc/pbs_drmaa.conf``). |
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86 | |
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87 | Currently recognized configuration parameters are: |
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88 | |
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89 | pool_delay |
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90 | Amount of time (in seconds) between successive checks of unfinished job(s). |
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91 | |
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92 | Type: integer, Default: 5 |
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93 | |
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94 | wait_thread |
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95 | Value 1 enables single "wait thread" for updating jobs status. |
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96 | With ``pbs_home`` set enables wait_thread which reads PBS log files (instead of polling PBS daemons). |
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97 | |
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98 | Type: integer, Default: 0 |
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99 | |
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100 | pbs_home |
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101 | Path to Torque/PBS Pro spool directory that contains server logs (e.g.: /var/spool/pbs). |
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102 | |
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103 | Type: string, Default: not set |
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104 | |
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105 | job_categories |
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106 | Dictionary of job categories. It's keys are job categories names |
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107 | mapped to `native specification`_ strings. Attributes set by |
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108 | job category can be overridden by corresponding DRMAA attributes |
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109 | or native specification. Special category name ``default`` |
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110 | is used when ``drmaa_job_category`` job attribute was not set. |
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111 | |
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112 | cache_job_state |
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113 | According to the DRMAA specification every `drmaa_job_ps()` call should |
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114 | query DRM system for job state. With this option one may optimize |
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115 | communication with DRM. If set to positive integer `drmaa_job_ps()` |
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116 | returns remembered job state without communicating with DRM for |
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117 | `cache_job_state` seconds since last update. By default library |
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118 | conforms to specification (no caching will be performed). |
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119 | |
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120 | Type: integer, default: 0 |
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121 | |
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122 | |
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123 | .. table:: |
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124 | Different modes of operation |
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125 | |
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126 | =========== ========= =========== ======================= =================================== |
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127 | wait_thread pbs_home mode keep_completed needed comments |
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128 | =========== ========= =========== ======================= =================================== |
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129 | 0 not set polling yes default configuration |
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130 | 1 not set polling yes more effective than above |
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131 | 1 set triggered no read access to server logs needed |
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132 | =========== ========= =========== ======================= =================================== |
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133 | |
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134 | |
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135 | Configuration file syntax |
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136 | ------------------------- |
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137 | |
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138 | Configuration file is in form a dictionary. |
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139 | Dictionary is set of zero or more key-value pairs. |
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140 | Key is a string while value could be a string, an integer |
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141 | or another dictionary. |
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142 | :: |
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143 | |
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144 | configuration: dictionary | dictionary_body |
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145 | dictionary: '{' dictionary_body '}' |
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146 | dictionary_body: (string ':' value ',')* |
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147 | value: integer | string | dictionary |
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148 | string: unquoted-string | single-quoted-string | double-quoted-string |
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149 | unquoted-string: [^ \t\n\r:,0-9][^ \t\n\r:,]* |
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150 | single-quoted-string: '[^']*' |
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151 | double-quoted-string: "[^"]*" |
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152 | integer: [0-9]+ |
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153 | |
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154 | Configuration file example |
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155 | -------------------------- |
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156 | |
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157 | :: |
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158 | |
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159 | # pbs_drmaa.conf - Sample pbs_drmaa configuration file. |
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160 | |
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161 | wait_thread: 0, |
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162 | |
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163 | #pool_delay: 5, |
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164 | |
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165 | job_categories: { |
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166 | #default: "-k n", # delete output files from execution hosts |
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167 | longterm: "-p -100 -l nice=5", |
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168 | amd64: "-l arch=amd64", |
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169 | python: "-l software=python", |
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170 | java: "-l software=java,vmem=500mb -v PATH=/opt/sun-jdk-1.6:/usr/bin:/bin", |
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171 | #test: "-u test -q testing", |
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172 | }, |
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173 | |
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174 | |
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175 | Native specification |
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176 | ==================== |
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177 | |
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178 | DRMAA interface allows to pass DRM dependant job submission options. |
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179 | Those options may be specified by settings ``drmaa_native_specification``. ``drmaa_native_specification`` |
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180 | accepts space delimited ``qsub``. ``qsub`` |
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181 | options which does not set job attributes (`-b`, `-z`, `-C`) as |
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182 | well as meant for submission of interactive jobs (`-I`, `-X`) or |
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183 | to specify directories (`-d`, `-D`) are *not* supported. |
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184 | Also instead of `-W` option following long options are accepted |
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185 | within native specification: `--depend`, `--group-list`, `--stagein` |
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186 | and `--stageout`. For detailed description of each option see PBS |
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187 | documentation. |
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188 | |
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189 | Attributes set in native specification overrides corresponding DRMAA job |
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190 | attributes. |
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191 | |
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192 | .. table:: |
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193 | Native specification strings with corresponding DRMAA attributes. |
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194 | |
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195 | ===================== =============== ============ ==================== |
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196 | DRMAA attribute PBS attribute PBS resource native specification |
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197 | ===================== =============== ============ ==================== |
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198 | Attributes which get overridden |
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199 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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200 | drmaa_job_name Job_Name `-N` job name |
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201 | drmaa_output_path Output_Path `-o` output path |
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202 | drmaa_error_path Error_Path `-e` error path |
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203 | drmaa_join_files Join_Path `-j` join options |
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204 | drmaa_block_email Mail_Points `-m` mail options |
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205 | drmaa_start_time Execution_Time `-a` start time |
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206 | drmaa_js_state Hold_Types `-h` |
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207 | .. Account_Name `-A` account string |
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208 | .. Checkpoint `-c` interval |
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209 | .. Keep_Files `-k` keep |
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210 | .. Priority `-p` priority |
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211 | .. destination `-q` queue |
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212 | .. Rerunable `-r` y/n |
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213 | .. Shell_Path_List `-S` path list |
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214 | .. User_List `-u` user list |
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215 | .. group_list `--group_list=`\groups |
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216 | drmaa_v_env Variable_List `-v` variable list |
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217 | .. Variable_List `-V` |
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218 | drmaa_v_email Mail_Users `-M` user list |
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219 | drmaa_duration_hlimit Resource_List cput `-l cput=`\limit |
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220 | drmaa_wct_hlimit Resource_List walltime `-l walltime=`\limit |
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221 | .. Resource_List `-l` resources |
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222 | .. depend `--depend=`\dependency |
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223 | .. stagein `--stagein=`\stagein |
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224 | .. stageout `--stageout=`\stageout |
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225 | ===================== =============== ============ ==================== |
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226 | |
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227 | |
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228 | Release notes |
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229 | ============= |
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230 | |
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231 | Changes in 1.0.5 release |
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232 | ------------------------ |
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233 | * make drmaa tolerant to torque restarts |
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234 | * now one can use '-lmem' in native specification attribute |
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235 | |
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236 | Changes in 1.0.4 release |
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237 | ------------------------ |
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238 | * fix "mtime" date parsing ('triggered' mode) |
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239 | * fix "submit_args" attribute bug (PBS Professional only) |
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240 | |
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241 | Changes in 1.0.3 release |
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242 | ------------------------ |
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243 | |
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244 | * new implementation of the "wait thread" which reads PBS log files (increased scalability) |
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245 | * support for native specification attribute |
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246 | * memleak fixes |
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247 | * testsuite passed on PBS Pro 10 |
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248 | * exit codes 126-127 cause the drmaa_wifaborted() to return true |
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249 | * other bug fixes |
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250 | |
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251 | Changes in 1.0.2 release |
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252 | ------------------------ |
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253 | |
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254 | * automatic reconnect on PBS connection errors |
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255 | * static linkage with DRMAA utilities |
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256 | * other bug fixes |
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257 | |
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258 | Changes in 1.0.1 release |
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259 | ------------------------ |
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260 | |
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261 | * number of attributes implemented: |
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262 | |
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263 | - ``drmaa_start_time`` |
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264 | - ``drmaa_duration_hlimit`` |
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265 | - ``drmaa_wct_hlimit`` |
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266 | - ``drmaa_native_specification`` |
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267 | - ``drmaa_job_category`` |
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268 | |
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269 | * configuration file(s) |
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270 | * separate wait thread |
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271 | * lot of bug fixes |
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272 | * more robust code |
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273 | * separated DRMAA utilities library |
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274 | * Python driven test-suite |
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275 | |
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276 | |
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277 | Known bugs and limitations |
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278 | -------------------------- |
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279 | |
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280 | Library covers nearly all DRMAA 1.0 specification_ with exceptions |
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281 | listed below. It passes the `official DRMAA test-suite`_ except of tests |
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282 | which require job termination status. All mandatory and some optional |
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283 | job attributes (namely: transfer files, wall clock time hard limit, |
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284 | job run duration hard limit) are implemented. |
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285 | |
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286 | Known limitations imposed by PBS API: |
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287 | |
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288 | * With `PBS Pro`_ (and OpenPBS_) retrieving of job termination status is |
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289 | impossible. For this DRM finished jobs are marked as done with 0 |
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290 | return code unless job was terminated through library when they are |
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291 | treated as aborted and killed after receiving SIGTERM. |
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292 | |
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293 | * Library accepts job identifiers only of those jobs which |
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294 | were submitted under current session (specification says it should |
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295 | also accept job identifiers from previous sessions and even of |
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296 | jobs submitted in former execution of DRMAA enabled application). |
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297 | This could only be partially fixed as job state needs to be kept by |
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298 | library in order to cope with PBS shortcomings. |
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299 | |
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300 | * Job termination (when job is running) is realized by PBS |
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301 | by sending SIGTERM and/or SIGKILL therefore retrieving |
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302 | those signals cannot be distinguished from abort using |
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303 | ``drmaa_control(DRMAA_CONTROL_TERMINATE)``. Then job termination |
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304 | state is marked as "aborted" and "signaled" whatever is the state. |
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305 | |
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306 | * ``drmaa_wcoredump()`` always returns ``false``. |
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307 | |
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308 | * Waiting functions (``drmaa_wait()`` and ``drmaa_synchronize()``) |
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309 | must pool DRM to find out whether job finished. |
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310 | |
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311 | |
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312 | Test-suite |
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313 | ---------- |
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314 | |
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315 | The DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro library was successfully tested with |
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316 | `PBS Pro`_ 10 (10.0.0.82981) and Torque_ 2.5.1 on Linux OS. Following |
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317 | table presents results of tests from |
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318 | `Official DRMAA test-suite`_ (originally developed for Sun Grid Engine). |
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319 | |
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320 | .. table:: |
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321 | Mode - Polling |
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322 | |
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323 | =============================================== =========== ============ |
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324 | Test name PBS Pro 10 Torque 2.5.1 |
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325 | =============================================== =========== ============ |
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326 | test_mt_exit_during_submit passed passed |
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327 | test_mt_exit_during_submit_or_wait passed passed |
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328 | test_mt_submit_before_init_wait passed passed |
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329 | test_mt_submit_mt_wait passed passed |
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330 | test_mt_submit_wait passed passed |
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331 | test_st_attribute_change passed passed |
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332 | test_st_bulk_singlesubmit_wait_individual passed passed |
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333 | test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_session_delete passed passed |
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334 | test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_session_release passed passed |
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335 | test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_single_delete passed passed |
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336 | test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_single_release passed passed |
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337 | test_st_bulk_submit_wait passed passed |
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338 | test_st_contact passed passed |
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339 | test_st_drm_system passed passed |
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340 | test_st_drmaa_impl passed passed |
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341 | test_st_empty_session_control passed passed |
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342 | test_st_empty_session_synchronize_dispose passed passed |
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343 | test_st_empty_session_synchronize_nodispose passed passed |
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344 | test_st_empty_session_wait passed passed |
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345 | test_st_error_file_failure FAILED [1]_ passed |
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346 | test_st_exit_status FAILED [1]_ passed |
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347 | test_st_input_file_failure FAILED [1]_ passed |
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348 | test_st_mult_exit passed passed |
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349 | test_st_mult_init passed passed |
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350 | test_st_output_file_failure FAILED [1]_ passed |
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351 | test_st_submit_in_hold_delete passed passed |
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352 | test_st_submit_in_hold_release passed passed |
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353 | test_st_submit_kill_sig FAILED [1]_ passed |
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354 | test_st_submit_polling_synchronize_timeout passed passed |
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355 | test_st_submit_polling_synchronize_zerotimeout passed passed |
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356 | test_st_submit_polling_wait_timeout passed passed |
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357 | test_st_submit_polling_wait_zerotimeout passed passed |
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358 | test_st_submit_suspend_resume_wait passed passed |
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359 | test_st_submit_wait passed passed |
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360 | test_st_submitmixture_sync_all_dispose passed passed |
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361 | test_st_submitmixture_sync_all_nodispose passed passed |
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362 | test_st_submitmixture_sync_allids_dispose passed passed |
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363 | test_st_submitmixture_sync_allids_nodispose passed passed |
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364 | test_st_supported_attr passed passed |
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365 | test_st_supported_vattr passed passed |
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366 | test_st_usage_check passed passed |
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367 | test_st_version passed passed |
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368 | =============================================== =========== ============ |
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369 | |
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370 | .. [1] Due to unavailability of job termination status. |
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371 | |
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372 | .. table:: |
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373 | Mode - Triggered |
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374 | |
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375 | =============================================== =========== ============ |
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376 | Test name PBS Pro 10 Torque 2.5.1 |
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377 | =============================================== =========== ============ |
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378 | test_mt_exit_during_submit passed passed |
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379 | test_mt_exit_during_submit_or_wait passed passed |
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380 | test_mt_submit_before_init_wait passed passed |
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381 | test_mt_submit_mt_wait passed passed |
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382 | test_mt_submit_wait passed passed |
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383 | test_st_attribute_change passed passed |
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384 | test_st_bulk_singlesubmit_wait_individual passed passed |
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385 | test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_session_delete passed passed |
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386 | test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_session_release passed passed |
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387 | test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_single_delete passed passed |
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388 | test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_single_release passed passed |
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389 | test_st_bulk_submit_wait passed passed |
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390 | test_st_contact passed passed |
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391 | test_st_drm_system passed passed |
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392 | test_st_drmaa_impl passed passed |
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393 | test_st_empty_session_control passed passed |
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394 | test_st_empty_session_synchronize_dispose passed passed |
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395 | test_st_empty_session_synchronize_nodispose passed passed |
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396 | test_st_empty_session_wait passed passed |
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397 | test_st_error_file_failure passed passed |
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398 | test_st_exit_status passed passed |
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399 | test_st_input_file_failure passed passed |
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400 | test_st_mult_exit passed passed |
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401 | test_st_mult_init passed passed |
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402 | test_st_output_file_failure passed passed |
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403 | test_st_submit_in_hold_delete passed passed |
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404 | test_st_submit_in_hold_release passed passed |
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405 | test_st_submit_kill_sig passed passed |
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406 | test_st_submit_polling_synchronize_timeout passed passed |
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407 | test_st_submit_polling_synchronize_zerotimeout passed passed |
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408 | test_st_submit_polling_wait_timeout passed passed |
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409 | test_st_submit_polling_wait_zerotimeout passed passed |
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410 | test_st_submit_suspend_resume_wait passed passed |
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411 | test_st_submit_wait passed passed |
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412 | test_st_submitmixture_sync_all_dispose passed passed |
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413 | test_st_submitmixture_sync_all_nodispose passed passed |
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414 | test_st_submitmixture_sync_allids_dispose passed passed |
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415 | test_st_submitmixture_sync_allids_nodispose passed passed |
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416 | test_st_supported_attr passed passed |
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417 | test_st_supported_vattr passed passed |
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418 | test_st_usage_check passed passed |
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419 | test_st_version passed passed |
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420 | =============================================== =========== ============ |
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421 | |
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422 | Developers |
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423 | ========== |
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424 | |
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425 | Core functionality of DRMAA is put into ``drmaa_utils`` library. |
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426 | This library was created in order to keep consistent common functionality |
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427 | of `DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro`_ and other DRMAA libraries. As it is |
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428 | independent from any particular DRM you may found this library useful for |
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429 | developing other DRMAAs. |
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430 | |
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431 | Developer tools |
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432 | --------------- |
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433 | Although not needed for library user the following tools may be required |
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434 | if you intend to develop DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro library or run tests: |
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435 | |
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436 | * GNU autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool), |
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437 | * Bison_ parser generator, |
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438 | * gperf_ perfect hash function generator, |
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439 | * Python_ (with development files) for Docutils_ and running test-suite |
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440 | (at least 2.5 version but not Python 3.* which will introduce |
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441 | incompatibilities), |
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442 | * Pyrex_ a Language for writing Python extension modules (>=0.9.6), |
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443 | * Docutils_ for processing this ``README``, |
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444 | * LaTeX_ for creating documentation in PDF format, |
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445 | * Doxygen_ for generating code documentation. |
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446 | |
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447 | .. _Bison: http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/ |
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448 | .. _gperf: http://www.gnu.org/software/gperf/ |
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449 | .. _Python: http://www.python.org/ |
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450 | .. _Pyrex: http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/ |
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451 | .. _Docutils: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/ |
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452 | .. _LaTeX: http://www.latex-project.org/ |
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453 | .. _Doxygen: http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/ |
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454 | |
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455 | |
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456 | |
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457 | Contact |
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458 | ======= |
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459 | |
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460 | The DRMAA library for Torque and PBSPro is curently maintained by `Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center`_. Please send |
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461 | your comments, questions and bug reports to: |
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462 | |
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463 | Mariusz Mamonski <mamonski@man.poznan.pl> |
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464 | |
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465 | |
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466 | |
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467 | |
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468 | .. _DRMAA: http://drmaa.org/ |
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469 | .. _Open Grid Forum: http://www.gridforum.org/ |
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470 | .. _specification: http://www.ogf.org/documents/GFD.22.pdf |
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471 | .. _Official DRMAA test-suite: http://www.drmaa.org/wiki/index.php?pagename=DrmaaTestsuite |
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472 | .. _FedStage DRMAA for PBS Pro: |
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473 | http://www.fedstage.com/wiki/FedStage_DRMAA_for_PBS_Pro |
---|
474 | .. _PBS DRMAA: http://www.fedstage.com/wiki/FedStage_DRMAA_for_PBS_Pro |
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475 | .. _FedStage Computing: http://www.fedstage.com/wiki/FedStage_Computing |
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476 | .. _PBS: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Batch_System |
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477 | .. _PBS Professional: http://www.pbsgridworks.com/ |
---|
478 | .. _PBS Pro: http://www.pbsgridworks.com/ |
---|
479 | .. _Torque: http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/products/torque-resource-manager.php |
---|
480 | .. _OpenPBS: http://www.openpbs.org/ |
---|
481 | .. _Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center: http://www.man.poznan.pl/online/en/ |
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482 | |
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483 | |
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484 | License |
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485 | ======= |
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486 | |
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487 | Copyright (C) 2006-2008 FedStage Systems |
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488 | |
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489 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
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490 | it under the terms of the `GNU General Public License`_ as published |
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491 | by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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492 | (at your option) any later version. |
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493 | |
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494 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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495 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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496 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
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497 | GNU General Public License for more details. |
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498 | |
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499 | You should have received a copy of the `GNU General Public License`_ |
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500 | along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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501 | |
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502 | |
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503 | GNU General Public License |
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504 | -------------------------- |
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505 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 |
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506 | |
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507 | | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/> |
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508 | | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
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509 | | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
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510 | |
---|
511 | Preamble |
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512 | ........ |
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513 | |
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514 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for |
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515 | software and other kinds of works. |
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516 | |
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517 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed |
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518 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, |
---|
519 | the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to |
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520 | share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free |
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521 | software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the |
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522 | GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to |
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523 | any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to |
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524 | your programs, too. |
---|
525 | |
---|
526 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not |
---|
527 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you |
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528 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for |
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529 | them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you |
---|
530 | want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new |
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531 | free programs, and that you know you can do these things. |
---|
532 | |
---|
533 | To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you |
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534 | these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have |
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535 | certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if |
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536 | you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others. |
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537 | |
---|
538 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether |
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539 | gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same |
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540 | freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive |
---|
541 | or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they |
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542 | know their rights. |
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543 | |
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544 | Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: |
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545 | (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License |
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546 | giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it. |
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547 | |
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548 | For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains |
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549 | that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and |
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550 | authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as |
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551 | changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to |
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552 | authors of previous versions. |
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553 | |
---|
554 | Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run |
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555 | modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer |
---|
556 | can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of |
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557 | protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic |
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558 | pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to |
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559 | use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we |
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560 | have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those |
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561 | products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we |
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562 | stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions |
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563 | of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users. |
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564 | |
---|
565 | Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. |
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566 | States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of |
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567 | software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to |
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568 | avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could |
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569 | make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that |
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570 | patents cannot be used to render the program non-free. |
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571 | |
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572 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and |
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573 | modification follow. |
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574 | |
---|
575 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
---|
576 | .................... |
---|
577 | |
---|
578 | 0. Definitions. |
---|
579 | |
---|
580 | "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. |
---|
581 | |
---|
582 | "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of |
---|
583 | works, such as semiconductor masks. |
---|
584 | |
---|
585 | "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this |
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586 | License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and |
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587 | "recipients" may be individuals or organizations. |
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588 | |
---|
589 | To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work |
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590 | in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an |
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591 | exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the |
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592 | earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work. |
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593 | |
---|
594 | A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based |
---|
595 | on the Program. |
---|
596 | |
---|
597 | To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without |
---|
598 | permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for |
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599 | infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a |
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600 | computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, |
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601 | distribution (with or without modification), making available to the |
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602 | public, and in some countries other activities as well. |
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603 | |
---|
604 | To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other |
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605 | parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through |
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606 | a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying. |
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607 | |
---|
608 | An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" |
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609 | to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible |
---|
610 | feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) |
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611 | tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the |
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612 | extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the |
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613 | work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If |
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614 | the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a |
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615 | menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion. |
---|
616 | |
---|
617 | 1. Source Code. |
---|
618 | |
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619 | The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work |
---|
620 | for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source |
---|
621 | form of a work. |
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622 | |
---|
623 | A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official |
---|
624 | standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of |
---|
625 | interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that |
---|
626 | is widely used among developers working in that language. |
---|
627 | |
---|
628 | The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other |
---|
629 | than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of |
---|
630 | packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major |
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631 | Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that |
---|
632 | Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an |
---|
633 | implementation is available to the public in source code form. A |
---|
634 | "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component |
---|
635 | (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system |
---|
636 | (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to |
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637 | produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it. |
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638 | |
---|
639 | The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all |
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640 | the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable |
---|
641 | work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to |
---|
642 | control those activities. However, it does not include the work's |
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643 | System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free |
---|
644 | programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but |
---|
645 | which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source |
---|
646 | includes interface definition files associated with source files for |
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647 | the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically |
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648 | linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, |
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649 | such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those |
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650 | subprograms and other parts of the work. |
---|
651 | |
---|
652 | The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users |
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653 | can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding |
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654 | Source. |
---|
655 | |
---|
656 | The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that |
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657 | same work. |
---|
658 | |
---|
659 | 2. Basic Permissions. |
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660 | |
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661 | All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of |
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662 | copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated |
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663 | conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited |
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664 | permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a |
---|
665 | covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its |
---|
666 | content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your |
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667 | rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law. |
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668 | |
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669 | You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not |
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670 | convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains |
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671 | in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose |
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672 | of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you |
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673 | with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with |
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674 | the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do |
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675 | not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works |
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676 | for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction |
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677 | and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of |
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678 | your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you. |
---|
679 | |
---|
680 | Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under |
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681 | the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 |
---|
682 | makes it unnecessary. |
---|
683 | |
---|
684 | 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law. |
---|
685 | |
---|
686 | No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological |
---|
687 | measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article |
---|
688 | 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or |
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689 | similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such |
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690 | measures. |
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691 | |
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692 | When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid |
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693 | circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention |
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694 | is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to |
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695 | the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or |
---|
696 | modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's |
---|
697 | users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of |
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698 | technological measures. |
---|
699 | |
---|
700 | 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies. |
---|
701 | |
---|
702 | You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you |
---|
703 | receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and |
---|
704 | appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; |
---|
705 | keep intact all notices stating that this License and any |
---|
706 | non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; |
---|
707 | keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all |
---|
708 | recipients a copy of this License along with the Program. |
---|
709 | |
---|
710 | You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, |
---|
711 | and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee. |
---|
712 | |
---|
713 | 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions. |
---|
714 | |
---|
715 | You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to |
---|
716 | produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the |
---|
717 | terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: |
---|
718 | |
---|
719 | a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified |
---|
720 | it, and giving a relevant date. |
---|
721 | |
---|
722 | b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is |
---|
723 | released under this License and any conditions added under section |
---|
724 | 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to |
---|
725 | "keep intact all notices". |
---|
726 | |
---|
727 | c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this |
---|
728 | License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This |
---|
729 | License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 |
---|
730 | additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, |
---|
731 | regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no |
---|
732 | permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not |
---|
733 | invalidate such permission if you have separately received it. |
---|
734 | |
---|
735 | d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display |
---|
736 | Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive |
---|
737 | interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your |
---|
738 | work need not make them do so. |
---|
739 | |
---|
740 | A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent |
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741 | works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, |
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742 | and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, |
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743 | in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an |
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744 | "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not |
---|
745 | used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users |
---|
746 | beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work |
---|
747 | in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other |
---|
748 | parts of the aggregate. |
---|
749 | |
---|
750 | 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms. |
---|
751 | |
---|
752 | You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms |
---|
753 | of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the |
---|
754 | machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, |
---|
755 | in one of these ways: |
---|
756 | |
---|
757 | a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product |
---|
758 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the |
---|
759 | Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium |
---|
760 | customarily used for software interchange. |
---|
761 | |
---|
762 | b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product |
---|
763 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a |
---|
764 | written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as |
---|
765 | long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product |
---|
766 | model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a |
---|
767 | copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the |
---|
768 | product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical |
---|
769 | medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no |
---|
770 | more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this |
---|
771 | conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the |
---|
772 | Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge. |
---|
773 | |
---|
774 | c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the |
---|
775 | written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This |
---|
776 | alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and |
---|
777 | only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord |
---|
778 | with subsection 6b. |
---|
779 | |
---|
780 | d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated |
---|
781 | place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the |
---|
782 | Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no |
---|
783 | further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the |
---|
784 | Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to |
---|
785 | copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source |
---|
786 | may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) |
---|
787 | that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain |
---|
788 | clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the |
---|
789 | Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the |
---|
790 | Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is |
---|
791 | available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements. |
---|
792 | |
---|
793 | e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided |
---|
794 | you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding |
---|
795 | Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no |
---|
796 | charge under subsection 6d. |
---|
797 | |
---|
798 | A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded |
---|
799 | from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be |
---|
800 | included in conveying the object code work. |
---|
801 | |
---|
802 | A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any |
---|
803 | tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, |
---|
804 | or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation |
---|
805 | into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, |
---|
806 | doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular |
---|
807 | product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a |
---|
808 | typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status |
---|
809 | of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user |
---|
810 | actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product |
---|
811 | is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial |
---|
812 | commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent |
---|
813 | the only significant mode of use of the product. |
---|
814 | |
---|
815 | "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, |
---|
816 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install |
---|
817 | and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from |
---|
818 | a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must |
---|
819 | suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object |
---|
820 | code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because |
---|
821 | modification has been made. |
---|
822 | |
---|
823 | If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or |
---|
824 | specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as |
---|
825 | part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the |
---|
826 | User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a |
---|
827 | fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the |
---|
828 | Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied |
---|
829 | by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply |
---|
830 | if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install |
---|
831 | modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has |
---|
832 | been installed in ROM). |
---|
833 | |
---|
834 | The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a |
---|
835 | requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates |
---|
836 | for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for |
---|
837 | the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a |
---|
838 | network may be denied when the modification itself materially and |
---|
839 | adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and |
---|
840 | protocols for communication across the network. |
---|
841 | |
---|
842 | Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, |
---|
843 | in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly |
---|
844 | documented (and with an implementation available to the public in |
---|
845 | source code form), and must require no special password or key for |
---|
846 | unpacking, reading or copying. |
---|
847 | |
---|
848 | 7. Additional Terms. |
---|
849 | |
---|
850 | "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this |
---|
851 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. |
---|
852 | Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall |
---|
853 | be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent |
---|
854 | that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions |
---|
855 | apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately |
---|
856 | under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by |
---|
857 | this License without regard to the additional permissions. |
---|
858 | |
---|
859 | When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option |
---|
860 | remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of |
---|
861 | it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own |
---|
862 | removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place |
---|
863 | additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, |
---|
864 | for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission. |
---|
865 | |
---|
866 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you |
---|
867 | add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of |
---|
868 | that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms: |
---|
869 | |
---|
870 | a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the |
---|
871 | terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or |
---|
872 | |
---|
873 | b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or |
---|
874 | author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal |
---|
875 | Notices displayed by works containing it; or |
---|
876 | |
---|
877 | c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or |
---|
878 | requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in |
---|
879 | reasonable ways as different from the original version; or |
---|
880 | |
---|
881 | d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or |
---|
882 | authors of the material; or |
---|
883 | |
---|
884 | e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some |
---|
885 | trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or |
---|
886 | |
---|
887 | f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that |
---|
888 | material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of |
---|
889 | it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for |
---|
890 | any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on |
---|
891 | those licensors and authors. |
---|
892 | |
---|
893 | All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further |
---|
894 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you |
---|
895 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is |
---|
896 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further |
---|
897 | restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains |
---|
898 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this |
---|
899 | License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms |
---|
900 | of that license document, provided that the further restriction does |
---|
901 | not survive such relicensing or conveying. |
---|
902 | |
---|
903 | If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you |
---|
904 | must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the |
---|
905 | additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating |
---|
906 | where to find the applicable terms. |
---|
907 | |
---|
908 | Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the |
---|
909 | form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; |
---|
910 | the above requirements apply either way. |
---|
911 | |
---|
912 | 8. Termination. |
---|
913 | |
---|
914 | You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly |
---|
915 | provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or |
---|
916 | modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under |
---|
917 | this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third |
---|
918 | paragraph of section 11). |
---|
919 | |
---|
920 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your |
---|
921 | license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) |
---|
922 | provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and |
---|
923 | finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright |
---|
924 | holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means |
---|
925 | prior to 60 days after the cessation. |
---|
926 | |
---|
927 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is |
---|
928 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the |
---|
929 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have |
---|
930 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that |
---|
931 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after |
---|
932 | your receipt of the notice. |
---|
933 | |
---|
934 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the |
---|
935 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under |
---|
936 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently |
---|
937 | reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same |
---|
938 | material under section 10. |
---|
939 | |
---|
940 | 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. |
---|
941 | |
---|
942 | You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or |
---|
943 | run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work |
---|
944 | occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission |
---|
945 | to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, |
---|
946 | nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or |
---|
947 | modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do |
---|
948 | not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a |
---|
949 | covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. |
---|
950 | |
---|
951 | 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. |
---|
952 | |
---|
953 | Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically |
---|
954 | receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and |
---|
955 | propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible |
---|
956 | for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License. |
---|
957 | |
---|
958 | An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an |
---|
959 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an |
---|
960 | organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered |
---|
961 | work results from an entity transaction, each party to that |
---|
962 | transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever |
---|
963 | licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could |
---|
964 | give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the |
---|
965 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if |
---|
966 | the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts. |
---|
967 | |
---|
968 | You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the |
---|
969 | rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may |
---|
970 | not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of |
---|
971 | rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation |
---|
972 | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that |
---|
973 | any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for |
---|
974 | sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it. |
---|
975 | |
---|
976 | 11. Patents. |
---|
977 | |
---|
978 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this |
---|
979 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The |
---|
980 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". |
---|
981 | |
---|
982 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims |
---|
983 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or |
---|
984 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted |
---|
985 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, |
---|
986 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a |
---|
987 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For |
---|
988 | purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant |
---|
989 | patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of |
---|
990 | this License. |
---|
991 | |
---|
992 | Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free |
---|
993 | patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to |
---|
994 | make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and |
---|
995 | propagate the contents of its contributor version. |
---|
996 | |
---|
997 | In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express |
---|
998 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent |
---|
999 | (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to |
---|
1000 | sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a |
---|
1001 | party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a |
---|
1002 | patent against the party. |
---|
1003 | |
---|
1004 | If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, |
---|
1005 | and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone |
---|
1006 | to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a |
---|
1007 | publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, |
---|
1008 | then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so |
---|
1009 | available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the |
---|
1010 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner |
---|
1011 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent |
---|
1012 | license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have |
---|
1013 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the |
---|
1014 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work |
---|
1015 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that |
---|
1016 | country that you have reason to believe are valid. |
---|
1017 | |
---|
1018 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or |
---|
1019 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a |
---|
1020 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties |
---|
1021 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify |
---|
1022 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license |
---|
1023 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered |
---|
1024 | work and works based on it. |
---|
1025 | |
---|
1026 | A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within |
---|
1027 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is |
---|
1028 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are |
---|
1029 | specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered |
---|
1030 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is |
---|
1031 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment |
---|
1032 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying |
---|
1033 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the |
---|
1034 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory |
---|
1035 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work |
---|
1036 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily |
---|
1037 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that |
---|
1038 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, |
---|
1039 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. |
---|
1040 | |
---|
1041 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting |
---|
1042 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may |
---|
1043 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. |
---|
1044 | |
---|
1045 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. |
---|
1046 | |
---|
1047 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or |
---|
1048 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not |
---|
1049 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a |
---|
1050 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this |
---|
1051 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may |
---|
1052 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you |
---|
1053 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey |
---|
1054 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this |
---|
1055 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. |
---|
1056 | |
---|
1057 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. |
---|
1058 | |
---|
1059 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have |
---|
1060 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed |
---|
1061 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single |
---|
1062 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this |
---|
1063 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, |
---|
1064 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, |
---|
1065 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the |
---|
1066 | combination as such. |
---|
1067 | |
---|
1068 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. |
---|
1069 | |
---|
1070 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of |
---|
1071 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will |
---|
1072 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to |
---|
1073 | address new problems or concerns. |
---|
1074 | |
---|
1075 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the |
---|
1076 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General |
---|
1077 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the |
---|
1078 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered |
---|
1079 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software |
---|
1080 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the |
---|
1081 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published |
---|
1082 | by the Free Software Foundation. |
---|
1083 | |
---|
1084 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future |
---|
1085 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's |
---|
1086 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you |
---|
1087 | to choose that version for the Program. |
---|
1088 | |
---|
1089 | Later license versions may give you additional or different |
---|
1090 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any |
---|
1091 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a |
---|
1092 | later version. |
---|
1093 | |
---|
1094 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. |
---|
1095 | |
---|
1096 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY |
---|
1097 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT |
---|
1098 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY |
---|
1099 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, |
---|
1100 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR |
---|
1101 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM |
---|
1102 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF |
---|
1103 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. |
---|
1104 | |
---|
1105 | 16. Limitation of Liability. |
---|
1106 | |
---|
1107 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING |
---|
1108 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS |
---|
1109 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY |
---|
1110 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE |
---|
1111 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF |
---|
1112 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD |
---|
1113 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), |
---|
1114 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF |
---|
1115 | SUCH DAMAGES. |
---|
1116 | |
---|
1117 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. |
---|
1118 | |
---|
1119 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided |
---|
1120 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, |
---|
1121 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates |
---|
1122 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the |
---|
1123 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a |
---|
1124 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. |
---|
1125 | |
---|
1126 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
---|
1127 | |
---|
1128 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs |
---|
1129 | ............................................. |
---|
1130 | |
---|
1131 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest |
---|
1132 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it |
---|
1133 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. |
---|
1134 | |
---|
1135 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest |
---|
1136 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively |
---|
1137 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least |
---|
1138 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. |
---|
1139 | :: |
---|
1140 | |
---|
1141 | <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> |
---|
1142 | Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> |
---|
1143 | |
---|
1144 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
---|
1145 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
---|
1146 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
---|
1147 | (at your option) any later version. |
---|
1148 | |
---|
1149 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
---|
1150 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
---|
1151 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
---|
1152 | GNU General Public License for more details. |
---|
1153 | |
---|
1154 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
---|
1155 | along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
---|
1156 | |
---|
1157 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. |
---|
1158 | |
---|
1159 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short |
---|
1160 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:: |
---|
1161 | |
---|
1162 | <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> |
---|
1163 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. |
---|
1164 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it |
---|
1165 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. |
---|
1166 | |
---|
1167 | The hypothetical commands ``show w`` and ``show c`` should show the |
---|
1168 | appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your |
---|
1169 | program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would |
---|
1170 | use an "about box". |
---|
1171 | |
---|
1172 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, |
---|
1173 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. |
---|
1174 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see |
---|
1175 | <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
---|
1176 | |
---|
1177 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program |
---|
1178 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you |
---|
1179 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with |
---|
1180 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General |
---|
1181 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read |
---|
1182 | <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>. |
---|
1183 | |
---|
1184 | |
---|
1185 | |
---|
1186 | .. role:: raw-html(raw) |
---|
1187 | :format: html |
---|
1188 | .. role:: raw-latex(raw) |
---|
1189 | :format: latex |
---|
1190 | .. |--| unicode:: U+02013 .. en dash |
---|
1191 | :trim: |
---|
1192 | .. |---| unicode:: U+02014 .. em dash |
---|
1193 | .. |LaTeX| replace:: :raw-html:`LaTeX` :raw-latex:`\LaTeX{}` |
---|
1194 | |
---|
1195 | .. vim: ft=rest |
---|
1196 | .. vim700: spell spelllang=en |
---|