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r5 r12 1 ================================= 2 DRMAA for Torque/PBS Professional 3 ================================= 1 The manual for the DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro (since version 1.0.7) is available 2 at the project wiki: 4 3 5 :Authors: Åukasz CieÅnik <lukasz.ciesnik@fedstage.com>, 6 MichaÅ MatÅoka <michal.matloka@student.put.poznan.pl>, 7 Mariusz Mamonski <mamonski@man.poznan.pl> 8 :Contact: Mariusz Mamonski <mamonski@man.poznan.pl> 9 :Date: $Date: 2010-07-07 17:05:39 +0200 (Wed, 07 Jul 2010) $ 10 :Version: 1.0.3 11 :Revision: $Revision: 386 $ 12 :Copyright: Copyright (C) 2006-2008 FedStage Systems 13 14 :Abstract: This document describes installation, configuration and usage 15 of `DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro`_ library (PBS DRMAA for short). 16 17 .. meta:: 18 :http-equiv=Content-Language: en 19 :http-equiv=Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8 20 :description lang=en: DRMAA implementation for PBS systems. 21 :keywords: DRMAA, PBS, Torque, PBS Professional, PBS Pro, Portable Batch System 22 23 .. contents:: 24 25 .. default-role:: literal 26 27 28 Introduction 29 ============ 30 31 DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro is implementation of `Open Grid Forum`_ DRMAA_ 32 (Distributed Resource Management Application API) specification_ for 33 submission and control jobs to PBS_ systems: `PBS Professional`_, Torque_ 34 and OpenPBS_. Using DRMAA, grid applications builders, portal developers 35 and ISVs can use the same high-level API to link their software with 36 different cluster/resource management systems. 37 38 This software also enables the integration of `SMOA Computing`_ 39 with the underlying Torque/PBS Pro system for remote multi-user job submission 40 and control over Web Services. 41 42 This manual can be found in HTML and PDF formats in ``doc`` directory. 43 44 45 Installation 46 ============ 47 48 To compile the library just go to main source directory and type:: 49 50 $ ./configure [--prefix=/installation/directory] && make 51 52 If you had installed PBS in a non standard directory pass it 53 in ``--with-pbs`` configure parameter. There are no unusual requirements 54 for basic usage of library: ANSI C compiler and standard make should 55 suffice (if linking against PBS Professional you will need also the OpenSSL library). 56 If you have taken sources directly from SVN repository you would 57 need additional `developer tools`_. For further information regarding GNU 58 build system see the INSTALL file. 59 60 For Torque_ it is advised to configure queues so jobs are leaved after 61 the completion. To achieve this simply type the following command for 62 all queues which are intended to use with PBS DRMAA:: 63 64 # qmgr -c "set queue QUEUE_NAME keep_completed = 60" 65 66 The value of the ``keep_completed`` parameter denotes a number of 67 seconds jobs will have to wait in the queue after the completion (and 68 should be greater then ``pool_delay`` value in PBS DRMAA configuration_). 69 It enables the DRMAA library to retrieve the information about finished 70 jobs. 71 72 Alternatively you can configure the DRMAA library to use Torque server daemon logs 73 as information source for terminated jobs (consult next section for details) 74 75 Configuration 76 ============= 77 78 During DRMAA session initialization (``drmaa_init``) library tries to read 79 its configuration parameters from locations: 80 ``/etc/pbs_drmaa.conf``, ``~/.pbs_drmaa.conf`` and from file given in 81 ``PBS_DRMAA_CONF`` environment variable (if set to non-empty string). 82 If multiple configuration sources are present then all configurations 83 are merged with values from user-defined files taking precedence 84 (in following order: ``$PBS_DRMAA_CONF``, ``~/.pbs_drmaa.conf``, 85 ``/etc/pbs_drmaa.conf``). 86 87 Currently recognized configuration parameters are: 88 89 pool_delay 90 Amount of time (in seconds) between successive checks of unfinished job(s). 91 92 Type: integer, Default: 5 93 94 wait_thread 95 Value 1 enables single "wait thread" for updating jobs status. 96 With ``pbs_home`` set enables wait_thread which reads PBS log files (instead of polling PBS daemons). 97 98 Type: integer, Default: 0 99 100 pbs_home 101 Path to Torque/PBS Pro spool directory that contains server logs (e.g.: /var/spool/pbs). 102 103 Type: string, Default: not set 104 105 job_categories 106 Dictionary of job categories. It's keys are job categories names 107 mapped to `native specification`_ strings. Attributes set by 108 job category can be overridden by corresponding DRMAA attributes 109 or native specification. Special category name ``default`` 110 is used when ``drmaa_job_category`` job attribute was not set. 111 112 cache_job_state 113 According to the DRMAA specification every `drmaa_job_ps()` call should 114 query DRM system for job state. With this option one may optimize 115 communication with DRM. If set to positive integer `drmaa_job_ps()` 116 returns remembered job state without communicating with DRM for 117 `cache_job_state` seconds since last update. By default library 118 conforms to specification (no caching will be performed). 119 120 Type: integer, default: 0 121 122 123 .. table:: 124 Different modes of operation 125 126 =========== ========= =========== ======================= =================================== 127 wait_thread pbs_home mode keep_completed needed comments 128 =========== ========= =========== ======================= =================================== 129 0 not set polling yes default configuration 130 1 not set polling yes more effective than above 131 1 set triggered no read access to server logs needed 132 =========== ========= =========== ======================= =================================== 133 134 135 Configuration file syntax 136 ------------------------- 137 138 Configuration file is in form a dictionary. 139 Dictionary is set of zero or more key-value pairs. 140 Key is a string while value could be a string, an integer 141 or another dictionary. 142 :: 143 144 configuration: dictionary | dictionary_body 145 dictionary: '{' dictionary_body '}' 146 dictionary_body: (string ':' value ',')* 147 value: integer | string | dictionary 148 string: unquoted-string | single-quoted-string | double-quoted-string 149 unquoted-string: [^ \t\n\r:,0-9][^ \t\n\r:,]* 150 single-quoted-string: '[^']*' 151 double-quoted-string: "[^"]*" 152 integer: [0-9]+ 153 154 Configuration file example 155 -------------------------- 156 157 :: 158 159 # pbs_drmaa.conf - Sample pbs_drmaa configuration file. 160 161 wait_thread: 0, 162 163 #pool_delay: 5, 164 165 job_categories: { 166 #default: "-k n", # delete output files from execution hosts 167 longterm: "-p -100 -l nice=5", 168 amd64: "-l arch=amd64", 169 python: "-l software=python", 170 java: "-l software=java,vmem=500mb -v PATH=/opt/sun-jdk-1.6:/usr/bin:/bin", 171 #test: "-u test -q testing", 172 }, 173 174 175 Native specification 176 ==================== 177 178 DRMAA interface allows to pass DRM dependant job submission options. 179 Those options may be specified by settings ``drmaa_native_specification``. ``drmaa_native_specification`` 180 accepts space delimited ``qsub``. ``qsub`` 181 options which does not set job attributes (`-b`, `-z`, `-C`) as 182 well as meant for submission of interactive jobs (`-I`, `-X`) or 183 to specify directories (`-d`, `-D`) are *not* supported. 184 Also instead of `-W` option following long options are accepted 185 within native specification: `--depend`, `--group-list`, `--stagein` 186 and `--stageout`. For detailed description of each option see PBS 187 documentation. 188 189 Attributes set in native specification overrides corresponding DRMAA job 190 attributes. 191 192 .. table:: 193 Native specification strings with corresponding DRMAA attributes. 194 195 ===================== =============== ============ ==================== 196 DRMAA attribute PBS attribute PBS resource native specification 197 ===================== =============== ============ ==================== 198 Attributes which get overridden 199 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 200 drmaa_job_name Job_Name `-N` job name 201 drmaa_output_path Output_Path `-o` output path 202 drmaa_error_path Error_Path `-e` error path 203 drmaa_join_files Join_Path `-j` join options 204 drmaa_block_email Mail_Points `-m` mail options 205 drmaa_start_time Execution_Time `-a` start time 206 drmaa_js_state Hold_Types `-h` 207 .. Account_Name `-A` account string 208 .. Checkpoint `-c` interval 209 .. Keep_Files `-k` keep 210 .. Priority `-p` priority 211 .. destination `-q` queue 212 .. Rerunable `-r` y/n 213 .. Shell_Path_List `-S` path list 214 .. User_List `-u` user list 215 .. group_list `--group_list=`\groups 216 drmaa_v_env Variable_List `-v` variable list 217 .. Variable_List `-V` 218 drmaa_v_email Mail_Users `-M` user list 219 drmaa_duration_hlimit Resource_List cput `-l cput=`\limit 220 drmaa_wct_hlimit Resource_List walltime `-l walltime=`\limit 221 .. Resource_List `-l` resources 222 .. depend `--depend=`\dependency 223 .. stagein `--stagein=`\stagein 224 .. stageout `--stageout=`\stageout 225 ===================== =============== ============ ==================== 226 227 228 Release notes 229 ============= 230 231 Changes in 1.0.5 release 232 ------------------------ 233 * make drmaa tolerant to torque restarts 234 * now one can use '-lmem' in native specification attribute 235 236 Changes in 1.0.4 release 237 ------------------------ 238 * fix "mtime" date parsing ('triggered' mode) 239 * fix "submit_args" attribute bug (PBS Professional only) 240 241 Changes in 1.0.3 release 242 ------------------------ 243 244 * new implementation of the "wait thread" which reads PBS log files (increased scalability) 245 * support for native specification attribute 246 * memleak fixes 247 * testsuite passed on PBS Pro 10 248 * exit codes 126-127 cause the drmaa_wifaborted() to return true 249 * other bug fixes 250 251 Changes in 1.0.2 release 252 ------------------------ 253 254 * automatic reconnect on PBS connection errors 255 * static linkage with DRMAA utilities 256 * other bug fixes 257 258 Changes in 1.0.1 release 259 ------------------------ 260 261 * number of attributes implemented: 262 263 - ``drmaa_start_time`` 264 - ``drmaa_duration_hlimit`` 265 - ``drmaa_wct_hlimit`` 266 - ``drmaa_native_specification`` 267 - ``drmaa_job_category`` 268 269 * configuration file(s) 270 * separate wait thread 271 * lot of bug fixes 272 * more robust code 273 * separated DRMAA utilities library 274 * Python driven test-suite 275 276 277 Known bugs and limitations 278 -------------------------- 279 280 Library covers nearly all DRMAA 1.0 specification_ with exceptions 281 listed below. It passes the `official DRMAA test-suite`_ except of tests 282 which require job termination status. All mandatory and some optional 283 job attributes (namely: transfer files, wall clock time hard limit, 284 job run duration hard limit) are implemented. 285 286 Known limitations imposed by PBS API: 287 288 * With `PBS Pro`_ (and OpenPBS_) retrieving of job termination status is 289 impossible. For this DRM finished jobs are marked as done with 0 290 return code unless job was terminated through library when they are 291 treated as aborted and killed after receiving SIGTERM. 292 293 * Library accepts job identifiers only of those jobs which 294 were submitted under current session (specification says it should 295 also accept job identifiers from previous sessions and even of 296 jobs submitted in former execution of DRMAA enabled application). 297 This could only be partially fixed as job state needs to be kept by 298 library in order to cope with PBS shortcomings. 299 300 * Job termination (when job is running) is realized by PBS 301 by sending SIGTERM and/or SIGKILL therefore retrieving 302 those signals cannot be distinguished from abort using 303 ``drmaa_control(DRMAA_CONTROL_TERMINATE)``. Then job termination 304 state is marked as "aborted" and "signaled" whatever is the state. 305 306 * ``drmaa_wcoredump()`` always returns ``false``. 307 308 * Waiting functions (``drmaa_wait()`` and ``drmaa_synchronize()``) 309 must pool DRM to find out whether job finished. 310 311 312 Test-suite 313 ---------- 314 315 The DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro library was successfully tested with 316 `PBS Pro`_ 10 (10.0.0.82981) and Torque_ 2.5.1 on Linux OS. Following 317 table presents results of tests from 318 `Official DRMAA test-suite`_ (originally developed for Sun Grid Engine). 319 320 .. table:: 321 Mode - Polling 322 323 =============================================== =========== ============ 324 Test name PBS Pro 10 Torque 2.5.1 325 =============================================== =========== ============ 326 test_mt_exit_during_submit passed passed 327 test_mt_exit_during_submit_or_wait passed passed 328 test_mt_submit_before_init_wait passed passed 329 test_mt_submit_mt_wait passed passed 330 test_mt_submit_wait passed passed 331 test_st_attribute_change passed passed 332 test_st_bulk_singlesubmit_wait_individual passed passed 333 test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_session_delete passed passed 334 test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_session_release passed passed 335 test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_single_delete passed passed 336 test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_single_release passed passed 337 test_st_bulk_submit_wait passed passed 338 test_st_contact passed passed 339 test_st_drm_system passed passed 340 test_st_drmaa_impl passed passed 341 test_st_empty_session_control passed passed 342 test_st_empty_session_synchronize_dispose passed passed 343 test_st_empty_session_synchronize_nodispose passed passed 344 test_st_empty_session_wait passed passed 345 test_st_error_file_failure FAILED [1]_ passed 346 test_st_exit_status FAILED [1]_ passed 347 test_st_input_file_failure FAILED [1]_ passed 348 test_st_mult_exit passed passed 349 test_st_mult_init passed passed 350 test_st_output_file_failure FAILED [1]_ passed 351 test_st_submit_in_hold_delete passed passed 352 test_st_submit_in_hold_release passed passed 353 test_st_submit_kill_sig FAILED [1]_ passed 354 test_st_submit_polling_synchronize_timeout passed passed 355 test_st_submit_polling_synchronize_zerotimeout passed passed 356 test_st_submit_polling_wait_timeout passed passed 357 test_st_submit_polling_wait_zerotimeout passed passed 358 test_st_submit_suspend_resume_wait passed passed 359 test_st_submit_wait passed passed 360 test_st_submitmixture_sync_all_dispose passed passed 361 test_st_submitmixture_sync_all_nodispose passed passed 362 test_st_submitmixture_sync_allids_dispose passed passed 363 test_st_submitmixture_sync_allids_nodispose passed passed 364 test_st_supported_attr passed passed 365 test_st_supported_vattr passed passed 366 test_st_usage_check passed passed 367 test_st_version passed passed 368 =============================================== =========== ============ 369 370 .. [1] Due to unavailability of job termination status. 371 372 .. table:: 373 Mode - Triggered 374 375 =============================================== =========== ============ 376 Test name PBS Pro 10 Torque 2.5.1 377 =============================================== =========== ============ 378 test_mt_exit_during_submit passed passed 379 test_mt_exit_during_submit_or_wait passed passed 380 test_mt_submit_before_init_wait passed passed 381 test_mt_submit_mt_wait passed passed 382 test_mt_submit_wait passed passed 383 test_st_attribute_change passed passed 384 test_st_bulk_singlesubmit_wait_individual passed passed 385 test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_session_delete passed passed 386 test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_session_release passed passed 387 test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_single_delete passed passed 388 test_st_bulk_submit_in_hold_single_release passed passed 389 test_st_bulk_submit_wait passed passed 390 test_st_contact passed passed 391 test_st_drm_system passed passed 392 test_st_drmaa_impl passed passed 393 test_st_empty_session_control passed passed 394 test_st_empty_session_synchronize_dispose passed passed 395 test_st_empty_session_synchronize_nodispose passed passed 396 test_st_empty_session_wait passed passed 397 test_st_error_file_failure passed passed 398 test_st_exit_status passed passed 399 test_st_input_file_failure passed passed 400 test_st_mult_exit passed passed 401 test_st_mult_init passed passed 402 test_st_output_file_failure passed passed 403 test_st_submit_in_hold_delete passed passed 404 test_st_submit_in_hold_release passed passed 405 test_st_submit_kill_sig passed passed 406 test_st_submit_polling_synchronize_timeout passed passed 407 test_st_submit_polling_synchronize_zerotimeout passed passed 408 test_st_submit_polling_wait_timeout passed passed 409 test_st_submit_polling_wait_zerotimeout passed passed 410 test_st_submit_suspend_resume_wait passed passed 411 test_st_submit_wait passed passed 412 test_st_submitmixture_sync_all_dispose passed passed 413 test_st_submitmixture_sync_all_nodispose passed passed 414 test_st_submitmixture_sync_allids_dispose passed passed 415 test_st_submitmixture_sync_allids_nodispose passed passed 416 test_st_supported_attr passed passed 417 test_st_supported_vattr passed passed 418 test_st_usage_check passed passed 419 test_st_version passed passed 420 =============================================== =========== ============ 421 422 Developers 423 ========== 424 425 Core functionality of DRMAA is put into ``drmaa_utils`` library. 426 This library was created in order to keep consistent common functionality 427 of `DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro`_ and other DRMAA libraries. As it is 428 independent from any particular DRM you may found this library useful for 429 developing other DRMAAs. 430 431 Developer tools 432 --------------- 433 Although not needed for library user the following tools may be required 434 if you intend to develop DRMAA for Torque/PBS Pro library or run tests: 435 436 * GNU autotools (autoconf, automake, libtool), 437 * Bison_ parser generator, 438 * gperf_ perfect hash function generator, 439 * Python_ (with development files) for Docutils_ and running test-suite 440 (at least 2.5 version but not Python 3.* which will introduce 441 incompatibilities), 442 * Pyrex_ a Language for writing Python extension modules (>=0.9.6), 443 * Docutils_ for processing this ``README``, 444 * LaTeX_ for creating documentation in PDF format, 445 * Doxygen_ for generating code documentation. 446 447 .. _Bison: http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/ 448 .. _gperf: http://www.gnu.org/software/gperf/ 449 .. _Python: http://www.python.org/ 450 .. _Pyrex: http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/ 451 .. _Docutils: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/ 452 .. _LaTeX: http://www.latex-project.org/ 453 .. _Doxygen: http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/ 454 455 456 457 Contact 458 ======= 459 460 The DRMAA library for Torque and PBSPro is curently maintained by `Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center`_. Please send 461 your comments, questions and bug reports to: 462 463 Mariusz Mamonski <mamonski@man.poznan.pl> 464 465 466 467 468 .. _DRMAA: http://drmaa.org/ 469 .. _Open Grid Forum: http://www.gridforum.org/ 470 .. _specification: http://www.ogf.org/documents/GFD.22.pdf 471 .. _Official DRMAA test-suite: http://www.drmaa.org/wiki/index.php?pagename=DrmaaTestsuite 472 .. _FedStage DRMAA for PBS Pro: 473 http://www.fedstage.com/wiki/FedStage_DRMAA_for_PBS_Pro 474 .. _PBS DRMAA: http://www.fedstage.com/wiki/FedStage_DRMAA_for_PBS_Pro 475 .. _FedStage Computing: http://www.fedstage.com/wiki/FedStage_Computing 476 .. _PBS: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Batch_System 477 .. _PBS Professional: http://www.pbsgridworks.com/ 478 .. _PBS Pro: http://www.pbsgridworks.com/ 479 .. _Torque: http://www.clusterresources.com/pages/products/torque-resource-manager.php 480 .. _OpenPBS: http://www.openpbs.org/ 481 .. _Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center: http://www.man.poznan.pl/online/en/ 482 483 484 License 485 ======= 486 487 Copyright (C) 2006-2008 FedStage Systems 488 489 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 490 it under the terms of the `GNU General Public License`_ as published 491 by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 492 (at your option) any later version. 493 494 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 495 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 496 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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Conveying Non-Source Forms. 751 752 You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms 753 of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the 754 machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, 755 in one of these ways: 756 757 a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product 758 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the 759 Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium 760 customarily used for software interchange. 761 762 b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product 763 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a 764 written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as 765 long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product 766 model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a 767 copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the 768 product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical 769 medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no 770 more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this 771 conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the 772 Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge. 773 774 c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the 775 written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. 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But this requirement does not apply 830 if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install 831 modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has 832 been installed in ROM). 833 834 The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a 835 requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates 836 for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for 837 the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. 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If additional permissions 855 apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately 856 under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by 857 this License without regard to the additional permissions. 858 859 When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option 860 remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of 861 it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own 862 removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) 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If the Program as you 895 received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is 896 governed by this License along with a term that is a further 897 restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains 898 a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this 899 License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms 900 of that license document, provided that the further restriction does 901 not survive such relicensing or conveying. 902 903 If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you 904 must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the 905 additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating 906 where to find the applicable terms. 907 908 Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the 909 form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; 910 the above requirements apply either way. 911 912 8. 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Any attempt otherwise to propagate or 916 modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under 917 this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third 918 paragraph of section 11). 919 920 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your 921 license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) 922 provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and 923 finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright 924 holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means 925 prior to 60 days after the cessation. 926 927 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is 928 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the 929 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have 930 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that 931 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after 932 your receipt of the notice. 933 934 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the 935 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under 936 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 937 reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same 938 material under section 10. 939 940 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. 941 942 You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or 943 run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work 944 occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission 945 to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, 946 nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or 947 modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do 948 not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a 949 covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. 950 951 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. 952 953 Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically 954 receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and 955 propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible 956 for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License. 957 958 An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an 959 organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an 960 organization, or merging organizations. 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Patents. 977 978 A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 979 License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The 980 work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". 981 982 A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims 983 owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or 984 hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted 985 by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, 986 but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a 987 consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For 988 purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant 989 patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of 990 this License. 991 992 Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free 993 patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to 994 make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and 995 propagate the contents of its contributor version. 996 997 In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express 998 agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent 999 (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to 1000 sue for patent infringement). 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"Knowingly relying" means you have 1013 actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the 1014 covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work 1015 in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that 1016 country that you have reason to believe are valid. 1017 1018 If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or 1019 arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a 1020 covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties 1021 receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify 1022 or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license 1023 you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered 1024 work and works based on it. 1025 1026 A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within 1027 the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is 1028 conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are 1029 specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered 1030 work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 1031 in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 1032 to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 1033 the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 1034 parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 1035 patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 1036 conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 1037 for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 1038 contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 1039 or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 1040 1041 Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 1042 any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 1043 otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 1044 1045 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 1046 1047 If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 1048 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 1049 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 1050 covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 1051 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 1052 not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 1053 to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 1054 the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 1055 License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 1056 1057 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 1058 1059 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 1060 permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 1061 under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 1062 combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 1063 License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 1064 but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 1065 section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 1066 combination as such. 1067 1068 14. Revised Versions of this License. 1069 1070 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 1071 the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 1072 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 1073 address new problems or concerns. 1074 1075 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 1076 Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 1077 Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 1078 option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 1079 version or of any later version published by the Free Software 1080 Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 1081 GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 1082 by the Free Software Foundation. 1083 1084 If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 1085 versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 1086 public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 1087 to choose that version for the Program. 1088 1089 Later license versions may give you additional or different 1090 permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 1091 author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 1092 later version. 1093 1094 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 1095 1096 THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 1097 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 1098 HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 1099 OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 1100 THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 1101 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 1102 IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 1103 ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 1104 1105 16. Limitation of Liability. 1106 1107 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 1108 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 1109 THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 1110 GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 1111 USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 1112 DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 1113 PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 1114 EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 1115 SUCH DAMAGES. 1116 1117 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 1118 1119 If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 1120 above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 1121 reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 1122 an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 1123 Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 1124 copy of the Program in return for a fee. 1125 1126 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1127 1128 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 1129 ............................................. 1130 1131 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 1132 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 1133 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 1134 1135 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 1136 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 1137 state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 1138 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 1139 :: 1140 1141 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> 1142 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> 1143 1144 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 1145 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 1146 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 1147 (at your option) any later version. 1148 1149 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 1150 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 1151 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 1152 GNU General Public License for more details. 1153 1154 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 1155 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 1156 1157 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 1158 1159 If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 1160 notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:: 1161 1162 <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> 1163 This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 1164 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 1165 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 1166 1167 The hypothetical commands ``show w`` and ``show c`` should show the 1168 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your 1169 program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would 1170 use an "about box". 1171 1172 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 1173 if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 1174 For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 1175 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 1176 1177 The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 1178 into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 1179 may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 1180 the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 1181 Public License instead of this License. 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