Version 13 (modified by bartek, 13 years ago) (diff)

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GridFTP Installation

This page provides step-by-step guide for site admins. It describes basic steps to install and configure GridFTP service. For any issue concerning the guide please contact  Bogdan Ludwiczak.

Globus Toolkit/GridFTP - installation

This sections provides overview of Globus Toolkit ver. 4.x installation procedure.

Globus Toolkit is provided both in binary and source versions. It is also available as Java WS-core only or full version. For the purpose of the QosCosGrid Infrastructure the full source installation is required, as it provides the required GridFTP features and in most cases is more reliable (though more troublesome in rare cases) and robust then binary version.

Below are the steps required to compile and install Globus Toolkit with only GridFTP daemon and utilities.

Note: this is only an outline of the installation process which should be sufficient to install GridFTP service in most cases, full and detailed information regarding toolkit installation can be found in official Globus  documentation.

  • Check if target system has all required software components:
    • gcc (latest 3.4 or 4.1)
    • GNU tar, sed, make
    • Perl >5.6
    • Create a dedicated, non-privileged user named globus. This user owns the installation/deployment files compile and install Globus Toolkit performs administrative tasks such as deploying/configuring services, etc.
    • Create deployment directory
    • make sure that user the globus has read and write permissions in the installation directory

Note: Following steps should be carried out by the globus user.

  • Download and untar Globus Toolkit ver.4.2.x all-source-installer (available at the  http://www.globus.org/toolkit/downloads/4.2.1/#source Globus Toolkit web site)
  • change current working directory to the source directory (i.e. ~/gt4.2.x-all-source-installer)
  • set environmental variable GLOBUS_LOCATION to point to installation directory (e.g. /opt/globus/gt421)
  • finally use ./configure to set up compilation and installation option. Use at least --prefix option to set the deployment directory.
      ./configure --prefix=${GLOBUS_LOCATION}
    
    Note: If you encounter an error configure: error: Unable to compile with SSL, replace the above line with:
      ./configure --disable-system-openssl --prefix=${GLOBUS_LOCATION}
    
  • Compile and install Globus Toolkit by running:
      make gridftp 
      make install
    
    If you wish to have a log file of the build, use "tee" command:
      make gridftp 2>&1 | tee build.log
      make install
    
  • GT4 unlike other software packages is made directly to target location ($GLOBUS_LOCATION)
  • If you omit gridftp for make the entire Globus Toolkit will be build what can take several hours to complete.
  • during make install phase Globus configuration will be initialized
  • You can also choose to build GridFTP server or client tools be specifying globus_gridftp_server or globus-data-management-client respectively.

The belowe steps completes Globus Toolkit/GridFTP installation. The following figure summarizes shell commands used during typical installation process:

  bogdanl@cress ~ $ su -
  cress ~ # useradd -m globus 
  cress ~ # mkdir /opt/globus 
  cress ~ # chown globus:users /opt/globus
  cress ~ # su - globus
  globus@cress ~ $ wget http://www-unix.globus.org/ftppub/gt4/4.2.1/installers/src/gt4.2.1-all-source-installer.tar.bz2
  globus@cress ~ $ tar xjf gt4.2.1-all-source-installer.tar.bz2
  globus@cress ~ $ cd gt4.2.1-all-source-installer
  globus@cress ~ $ export GLOBUS_LOCATION=/opt/globus/gt421
  globus@cress ~/gt4.2.1-all-source-installer $ ./configure --prefix=${GLOBUS_LOCATION} \
  globus@cress ~/gt4.2.1-all-source-installer $ make gridftp
  cd gpt && OBJECT_MODE=32 ./build_gpt
  ...
  Your build completed successfully.  Please run make install.
  globus@cress ~/gt4.2.1-all-source-installer $ make install

Globus Toolkit/GridFTP - basic configuration

Security

After Globus Toolkit installation, but before starting Globus services several aspects of GSI security need to be configured:

  • configure Globus (and thus GridFTP daemon) to trust a particular set of CAs (Certificate Authorities), i.e. place certificates of trusted CAs into designated directory - CA is trusted only if its CA certificate exists with the appropriate name in an appropriate directory. Moreover, for pre-ws services (including GridFTP), signing policy file must exist in the same location as CA certificate. In other words, one needs two files to trust given CA:
    • cert_hash.0 - the trusted CA certificate and
    • cert_hash.signing_policy - the signing policy. Globus services and tools looks for that directory in following locations:
    • the value of $X509_CERT_DIR environment variable if it is set and the directory exists,
    • otherwise, in $HOME/.globus/certificates if it exists,
    • otherwise, in /etc/grid-security/certificates if it exists,
    • otherwise, in $GLOBUS_LOCATION/share/certificates if it exists.

Note: We suggest to use /etc/grid-security/certificates as system wide trusted CAs directory, remember that $X509_CERT_DIR and $HOME/.globus/certificates have higher priority.

The cert_hash.0, i.e. certificate of the CA, is provided by CA, usually with appropriate hash name. Hash name consists of 8 hex-digits and suffix ".0" (e.g. 8a661490.0). Valid hash can be obtained with following command (available in $GLOBUS_LOCATION/bin/):

  openssl x509 -hash -noout -in ca_certificate
  • cert_hash.signing_policy usually is also provided by CA, but it can be constructed manually. The signing policy file has the following format:
      access_id_CA X509 'CA Distinguished Name'
      pos_rights globus CA:sign
      cond_subjects globus '"Name Pattern1" "Name Pattern2" ...'
    
    to get 'CA Distinguished Name' execute:
      openssl x509 -subject -noout -in cert_hash.0
    
  • "Name patternX" is a string used to match the distinguished names of certificates granted by the given CA. Usually, it is a CA name with common name replaced by wild card '*', e.g.:
      "/C=PL/O=GRID/CN=Polish Grid CA" -> '"/C=PL/O=GRID/*"'
    
    it accepts "C=PL/O=GRID/OU=PSNC/CN=Bogdan Ludwiczak", but it rejects "O=GRID/OU=PSNC/CN=Bogdan Ludwiczak". "*" pattern accepts all certificates.
  • Configure appropriate default values for use by the grid-cert-request command which is used to generate certificates requests. The following files have to be properly configured to enable Globus tools to generate valid certificate requests:
    • /etc/grid-security/globus-user-ssl.conf - defines the distinguished name to use for a user's certificate request.
    • /etc/grid-security/globus-host-ssl.conf - defines the distinguished name for a host and service certificate request.
    • /etc/grid-security/grid-security.conf - is a main configuration file that contains the name and email address for the given CA.

These files are usually provided by the CA, i.e.  PL-Grid. Typically, CA configuration files are placed in /etc/grid-security/certificates/ directory with additional extension .CA_hash_name and only appropriate symbolic links are created in /etc/grid-security/. Globus Toolkit provides grid-default-ca command which can be used to automatically create appropriate links.

Requesting host and user X.509 certificates

All Globus service (including GridFTP) require a host (or service) certificate to operate. Also every user needs a user certificate do use Globus services. You can use Globus command grid-cert-request to generate host/users certificate request which should be send to your CA to be signed. Make sure that CA configuration files and certificate are in place before generating requests. This command will create 3 files:

  • an empty (file length is 0) /etc/grid-security/hostcert.pem or ~/.globus/usercert.pem,
  • /etc/grid-security/hostkey.pem or ~/.globus/userkey.pem file containing host/user private key which must be kept secret - make sure that the unix access mode is set to 0400 or 0600 at most,
  • /etc/grid-security/hostcert_request.pem or ~/.globus/usercert_request.pem file containing acctual request to be send to and signed by CA.

Note: Before you can use grid-cert-request command you have to source Globus configuration script appropriate for your shell, i.e. $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/globus-user-env.csh or $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/globus-user-env.sh

Send newly generated certificate request (i.e. /etc/grid-security/hostcert_request.pem or ~/.globus/usercert_request.pem file) to the appropriate CA and wait for the certificate which should be send in return by your CA. Save the new certificate in hostcert.pem or usercert.pem. Now, request file can be deleted. Host certificate and private key should be owned by root user. Specify identity mapping information. Globus services map distinguished names (retrieved from certificates) to local identities (unix account) by means of grid-mapfile. Mappings have the following form: "Distinguished Name" local_name (every line of the file defines one mapping). To let user in, create an account and add mapping to the site's grid-mapfile. Globus looks for the file in the following locations:

  • the value of GRIDMAP environment variable if it is set,
  • otherwise, if service is run as root then grid map file is /etc/grid-security/grid-mapfile,
  • otherwise, the grid map file is $HOME/.gridmap
  • otherwise, in /etc/grid-security/grid-mapfile.

Note: In the QosCosGrid there is a possibility to generate a new user X.509 certificate in more  user-friendly way

Firewall configuration

Detailed information on GT firewall issues can be found at  http://www.globus.org/toolkit/security/firewalls/. This paragraph only lists the minimum required firewall configuration and gives a short overview of the basic issues. To enable remote access to Globus Toolkit services the following TCP port should be opened for the incoming connections:

  • static port: 2811 for main GridFTP daemon port
  • ephemeral TCP ports: various Globus services require an arbitrary chosen TCP port range. It is controllable by environmental variable GLOBUS_TCP_PORT_RANGE for pre-ws components. Make sure it is defined in daemons environment (i.e. put it in (x)inetd configuration entries).

Figure below gives an overview of typical Globus/GridFTP communication flow It shows the meaning of the aforementioned Globus TCP port range.

GridFTP Daemon

After successful installation of GlobusToolkit, the GridFTP daemon binary is located in: $GLOBUS_LOCATION/sbin/globus-gridftp-server file. The daemon could be run in standalone mode, but we suggest using (x)inetd mode. To configure it this way, first add the following entry to /etc/services file:

  gsiftp          2811/tcp               # GridFTP (Port 2811 is the IANA registered GridFTP port) 

Next add appropriate entry to (x)inetd configuration file(s). Remember to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH, GLOBUS_LOCATION and GLOBUS_TCP_PORT_RANGE in the (x)inetd entry environment, like in the xinetd example below:

  service gsiftp
  {
        instances            = 100
        cps                  = 50 10
        per_source           = 50
        socket_type          = stream
        wait                 = no
        user                 = root
        env                  = LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/globus/lib
        env                  += GLOBUS_LOCATION=/opt/globus
        env                  += GLOBUS_TCP_PORT_RANGE=9000,9999
        server               = /opt/globus/sbin/globus-gridftp-server
        server_args          =  -i -c /opt/globus/etc/gridftp.conf
        log_on_success       += DURATION
        log_on_failure       +=
        nice                 = 10
        disable              = no
  }

Note that the above example specifies grid-ftp configuration file (-c .../gridftp.conf in server_args line). It is not required - GridFTP daemon should work without this file. A useful example of configuration file is:

  log_level ALL (or 'EERROR', 'WARN', 'INFO', 'DUMP')
  log_module stdio
  log_single /var/log/gridftp

it enables logging which can be helpful in resolving potential problems. Finally, restart (x)inetd to activate the GridFTP daemon:

 # /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

Users configuration

All Globus Toolkit commands require appropriately configured environment. Globus Toolkit provides scripts for that purpose. To configure users environment for GT command do the following: for bash shell:

  export GLOBUS_LOCATION=/opt/globus/gt421
  . $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/globus-user-env.sh 

or for csh shell:

  setenv GLOBUS_LOCATION /opt/globus/gt421
  source $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/globus-user-env.csh 

Next you must obtain user certificates (as described in Requesting host and user X.509 certificates) and then create user proxy by running command grid-proxy-init:

 $ grid-proxy-init 
  Your identity: /C=PL/O=GRID/O=PSNC/CN=Bogdan Ludwiczak
  Enter GRID pass phrase for this identity:
  Creating proxy ....................................................... Done
  Your proxy is valid until: Tue Apr 29 21:02:33 2008

Next, become root and create a mapping in /etc/grid-security/grid-mapfile. You can use your favorite text editor for that purpose and append a line similar to this one:

  "/C=PL/O=GRID/O=PSNC/CN=Bogdan Ludwiczak" bogdanl

or use GT grid-mapfile-add-entry command:

  # grid-mapfile-add-entry -dn "/C=PL/O=GRID/O=PSNC/CN=Bogdan Ludwiczak" -ln bogdanl

Note: "bogdanl" in examples above is a name of a local unix account.

Now you can transfer some files with globus-url-copy tool:

  $ globus-url-copy gsiftp://node1.qoscosgrid.man.poznan.pl/~/file file:///tmp/file.test
  $ globus-url-copy gsiftp://node1.qoscosgrid.man.poznan.pl/~/file gsiftp://node1.qoscosgrid.man.poznan.pl/~/file2
  $ globus-url-copy gsiftp://node1.qoscosgrid.man.poznan.pl/~/file gsiftp://node2.qoscosgrid.man.poznan.pl/~/file2

Quick Start

  • create globus user and installation directory, make globus user an owner of this directory:
      bogdanl@cress ~ $ su -
      cress ~ # useradd -m globus
      cress ~ # mkdir /opt/globus
      cress ~ # chown globus:users /opt/globus 
    
  • login as a globus user:
      cress ~ # su - globus
    
  • download Globus Toolkit source installer and untar it:
      globus@cress ~ $ wget http://www-unix.globus.org/ftppub/gt4/4.2.1/installers/src/gt4.2.1-all-source-installer.tar.bz2
      globus@cress ~ $ tar xjf gt4.2.1-all-source-installer.tar.bz2 
    
  • Configure and make sources:
      globus@cress ~ $ cd gt4.2.1-all-source-installer
      globus@cress ~ $ export GLOBUS_LOCATION=/opt/globus/gt421
      globus@cress ~/gt4.2.1-all-source-installer $ ./configure --prefix=${GLOBUS_LOCATION} \
      globus@cress ~/gt4.2.1-all-source-installer $ make gridftp
      cd gpt && OBJECT_MODE=32 ./build_gpt
      ...
      Your build completed successfully.  Please run make install.
      globus@cress ~/gt4.2.1-all-source-installer $ make install
    
  • Request host certificates.
  • Start gridftp-server either standalone or by (x)inetd daemon
    • If you are going to use xinetd daemon add gridftp to /etc/services:
        bogdanl@cress ~ $ su -
        cress ~ # echo "gsiftp          2811/tcp               # GridFTP" >> /etc/services
      
    • and create new xinetd configuration file for gridftp service
        cress ~ # cat /etc/xinetd.d/gridftp
        service gsiftp
        {
              instances            = 100
              cps                  = 50 10
              per_source           = 50
              socket_type          = stream
              wait                 = no
              user                 = root
              env                  = LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/globus/lib
              env                  += GLOBUS_LOCATION=/opt/globus
              env                  += GLOBUS_TCP_PORT_RANGE=9000,9999
              server               = /opt/globus/sbin/globus-gridftp-server
              server_args          =  -i -c /opt/globus/etc/gridftp.conf
              log_on_success       += DURATION
              log_on_failure       +=
              nice                 = 10
              disable              = no
        }
      
    • restart xinetd:
        cress ~ # /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
      
  • test it:
      bogdanl@cress ~ $ telnet cress 2811
      Trying 150.254.149.134...
      Connected to cress.man.poznan.pl.
      Escape character is '^]'.
      220 cress.man.poznan.pl GridFTP Server 2.3 (gcc32dbg, 1144436882-63) ready.
      bogdanl@cress ~ $ export GLOBUS_LOCATION=/opt/globus/gt421
      bogdanl@cress ~ $ . $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/globus-user-env.sh 
      bogdanl@cress ~ $ grid-proxy-init
      bogdanl@cress ~ $ globus-url-copy gsiftp://cress/~/file \
            file:///tmp/file.test
      bogdanl@cress ~ $ globus-url-copy gsiftp://cress/~/file \
            gsiftp://cress/~/file2
    

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